宫颈癌肠转移细胞系CaSki
发表时间:2025-07-15人宫颈癌肠转移细胞系CaSki
一. 细胞来源
CaSki细胞系源自人宫颈鳞癌的小肠转移灶,属于HPV16阳性宫颈癌细胞模型。其特点为HPV16基因组高度整合(约400个拷贝),但E2开放阅读框(ORF)保持完整,E2蛋白表达缺失[1]。作为肠转移性宫颈癌的典型代表,该细胞系保留了宫颈癌的分子特征(如HPV16驱动),同时具备转移性癌的侵袭特性[2]。
二. 生物学特性
1.HPV病毒状态
- HPV16基因组高度整合,E6/E7癌基因持续高表达,导致p53和pRb抑癌蛋白失活,促进细胞恶性转化[1][3][4]。
- E2 ORF转录活跃但无蛋白翻译,可能与整合位点表观修饰相关[1]。
2.增殖与凋亡特性
- 高增殖率:HPV16 E7蛋白通过结合pRb释放E2F转录因子,驱动细胞周期进展[4]。
- 凋亡抵抗:E6蛋白降解p53,抑制凋亡通路;靶向E6/E7可恢复p53功能并诱导凋亡[5][6]。
3.转移与侵袭机制
- 上皮-间质转化(EMT):CAIX/PFKFB4轴上调vimentin、下调E-cadherin,促进迁移[7];TGF-β1诱导外泌体miR-663b靶向抑制MGAT3,增强转移能力[8]。
- 信号通路异常:PI3K/Akt通路持续激活,促进Snail介导的EMT[15];Axl受体酪氨酸激酶过表达,由HPV16 E6通过PTEN/AKT调控,驱动侵袭[10]。
4.代谢与微环境
- 糖酵解增强:CAIX(碳酸酐酶IX)高表达与缺氧微环境适应相关[7]。
- 铁死亡敏感:circLMO1可通过miR-4291/ACSL4轴诱导铁死亡,抑制转移[11]。
三. 培养与储存
1.培养基:RPMI-1640 + 10%胎牛血清(FBS),37°C、5% CO?条件下培养[5][12]。
2.冻存方法:含10% DMSO的FBS中液氮储存,避免反复冻融[12]。
四. 研究应用领域
1.药物筛选平台:
- 天然化合物:氧化苦参碱抑制E7表达并诱导凋亡[4];RCE-4(甾体皂苷)激活caspase级联反应[5]。
- 化学药物:二甲双胍通过AMPK/p53轴抑制增殖并诱导凋亡[13]。
2.基因治疗研究:siRNA靶向E6/E7可增敏奥沙利铂化疗,诱导G1期阻滞[6]。
3.免疫治疗模型:抗PD-L1抗体(MPDL3280A)联合DC-CIK细胞疗法显著抑制肿瘤生长[14]。
五. 近五年研究进展(2020–2025)
1.靶向代谢通路:CAIX/PFKFB4轴被确认为转移关键靶点,小分子抑制剂开发中[7]。
2.表观遗传调控:组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(如VPA)通过Notch通路下调E6,抑制EMT[15]。
3.非编码RNA疗法:抑制miR-21-5p可上调VHL抑癌基因,阻断转移[16];circLMO1过表达触发铁死亡,抑制体内转移[11]。
六. 局限性与克服方法
1.局限性:
- 基因组异质性:HPV16多拷贝整合导致遗传背景复杂[1]。
- 转移模型偏差:肠转移起源可能不适用于原发宫颈癌研究[2]。
2.克服策略:
- 联合多组学分析(单细胞测序)解析异质性[7][11];
- 开发类器官模型模拟原发灶微环境[2]。
七. 总结与展望
CaSki细胞系是研究HPV驱动型宫颈癌转移机制的关键模型。未来方向包括:
1.靶向联合治疗:如Axl抑制剂(BGB324)联用免疫检查点阻断[10][14];
2.代谢干预:靶向CAIX/PFKFB4逆转EMT[7];
3.临床转化:基于circRNA/miRNA的基因疗法进入临床前试验[11][16]。
参考文献
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